Charging Losses

They occur in chargers, cables and the battery. Slow charging can have higher relative losses. Heating the battery uses energy. Typical losses are a few percent to over 10 percent depending on charger, power level and temperature. A wallbox with three-phase charging is often more efficient than a household socket. When comparing running costs, use the energy billed from the grid rather than the energy shown in the car.

Conversion creates heat.

Billed energy may exceed battery energy. Efficient equipment helps.